Sea shells are natural-biological objects. THEy are embedded in geological layers in THE form of fossils, but also, to find in archaeological deposits as a result of human activities. Archaeologists can use THE provenance of shells in THE functional analysis of ancient sites in terms of social archeology and prehistoric trading activities. Aarcheological excavations in several sites of THE Iranian Plateau have shown that from THE 3rd third millennium B.C. onwards, finds of of sea shells (e.g. Lambis, Dentalium, etc.) rapidely increased. Such shells were for instance discovered from ritual cemetery contexts such as Shahdad, Tepe Hesar, Kale Nisar cemeteries or Bani Surma. THEse objects are mainly used as natural or polished shells. In some cases, THEy served as a raw material for making all KINDs of beads, buttons, and oTHEr ornamental objects.. THE main question is to understand THE relationship between THE use of seashells and archaeological context, and also, THEir role in Bronze Age ritual life. In this article, THE descriptive, analytical method has been used in THE biological recognition of all types of shells. This method is also used based on similar studies on this issue in Mesopotamia's archeology of THE Sumerian-Akkadian period. THE distribution of recognizable species shows that THEse objects are concentrated in THE settlements from south to souTHEast of Iran in THE coastal strip of THE Persian Gulf, and from THE Oman Sea to THE Zagros intermountain valleys, as well as in THE northwest and norTHEast of Iran. THE biological origin can be placed in THE norTHErn shores of THE Oman Sea to THE Gulf of Kutch on THE norTHErn coast of THE Indian Ocean. It seems that with THE growth and development of urbanization in Southwest Asia and especially THE development of sea trade, oysters have been traded as valuable goods and oTHEr prestige goods. THE importance of THE shell findings is more than THE value of THE shells THEmselves because THEy were used as sacred goods in religious affairs. Analysis of THE fields where THE shells were discovered is more related to cemeteries and temples as sacred spaces. Also, THE significant presence of Lambis shells for THE production of specific ritual bowls, placed togeTHEr with bronze axes in graves, can be seen as THE reflection of a patriarchic tradition in THE social-political organisiation of THE third and second millennia B.C. Despite many excavations and THE discovery of many samples of THEse types of shells, no furTHErgoing investigation on THEse specific objects was undertaken so far. This desideratum reveals more valuable findings in THE archeology of THE Iranian plateau. THErefore, one of this article's final goals is to focus more on analyzing THE context of THE discovery of seashells in future Excavation

One of THE most important forest trees in THE south of Kerman, which plays an important role in THE region's ecosystem and beekeeping industry and is infected by wood-eating beetles, is Prosopis cineraria. THEse trees are an important habitat for various animals and refreshing THE hot air of THE south. In THE sampling conducted during 1401-1400 from THE mesquite forests of souTHErn Kerman (Ghaleganj, Faryab, Anbarabad), THE wood-eating beetle Xylopertha reflexicauda (Bostrichidae) was collected for THE FIRST time from Prosopis cineraria trees and is identified. THE species of wood-eating beetle was identified by reliable scientific sources and was finally confirmed by Mr. Dr. Len Yu Liu. This species was FIRST identified and described by Lesne in 1937. Due to THE lack of water and recent droughts and THE weakness of Iranian mesquite trees, THE larvae of this beetle are active inside THE trunk and bark of mesquite trees and feed on THE wood and bark of tree trunks and cause great damage to Prosopis cineraria trees.

How to profoundly change THE beliefs of THE polyTHEists during THE age of revelation from THE denial of THE Prophet (pbuh) to THE certainty of his Message and THE acceptance of his full guardianship is a question worthy of attention. THE order of verses about prophecy based on THE order of revelation is THE reason to lead a transformative process and a special Quranic method in institutionalizing THE belief of prophecy in THE lives of Arabs. In THE FIRST stage, THE Holy Quran in THE FIRST Makkī (Arabic: المکّیّ, suras revealed in Mecca) chapters has prepared THE community from THE motivational side to accept THE truth of THE Prophet’s (pbuh) prophecy and briefly stating THE key issues surrounding it. THE Holy Book of Quran at THE time of THE emergence of oppositions and doubts (THE second stage) destroyed THE arguments of THE polyTHEists and explained THE prophecy and proved its auTHEnticity from a cognitive perspective in THE second stage by presenting clear arguments. and THE Holy Book of Quran in THE third stage after Madanī (Arabic: المدنیّ, suras revealed in Medina) period has undertaken measures in order to fulfill THE goals of THE Massage by explaining THE true position of THE Prophet (pbuh) to deepen and operationalize THE Prophetic belief through explaining practical duties for THE Prophet (pbuh) and behavior based on THE acceptance of Walaya (Arabic: ولایة, meaning “guardianship” or “governance”).

One of THE most frequent rules in various areas of demonstrative jurisprudence of Two Major Sects of Islam religion is a rule that is known among Shīʿa as “tolerance in THE evidence of traditions” (Arabic: التسامح فی أدلّة السنن) and in Sunnī as “latitudinarianism in documents” (Arabic: التساهل فی أسانید). Believers in THE general application of this rule have based it for reasons such as consensus (Arabic: إجماع), tradition famous through practice (Arabic: الشهرة العملیّة), and rational judgement (intellectual judgement) and a group of aḥādīth (Arabic: أحادیث, plural form for ḥadīth, literally “talk” or “discourse”) called “Akhbar-e- Man Balagh” (Arabic: أخبار من بلغ). THE understanding of THE aforementioned narrations and THE extent of application of this rule has caused a conflict of opinions among scholars. THE narrations containing THE excellences of suras of THE Holy Book of Quran is one of THE fields of application of THE rule of tolerance. THE present research has explained THE types of exposure to this group of narrations based on THE rule of tolerance by using descriptive-exploratory method and using library sources and seeks to find a suitable approach about narrations of THE excellences of suras (chapters) of THE Holy Book of Quran. THE interaction with THEse narrations is organized based on a special reading of THE rule of tolerance in THE selected approach, which is based on a rational interpretation of THE contents of Man-Balagh (Arabic: من بلغ)’s narrations and is compatible with THE indications of some verses and traditions. THE use of weak narrations containing THE excellences of suras (chapters) will be permissible based on this approach considering three conditions and without any certainty of attributing THEse narrations to Sharʿ (Islamic rules).

To evaluate THE effects of different treatments on seed dormancy breaking of Notobasis, two separate experiments were conducted at Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, in 2017 with three replications. THE FIRST experiment included nine physical, mechanical and chemical treatments (control, surface scarification, intense scarification, one and two weeks of chilling at 4°C, soaking into hot water for two hours without scarification , soaking in 25°C distilled water for two hours with scarification  and acid treatment for six and 12 minutes) based on completely randomized designs (CRD). THE Second experiment was hormone priming arranged as a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with gibberellin concentrations (0, 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 ppm) and priming duration (12 and 24 hour) as THE treatments. THE highest seed germination (40%) obtained from 12 minutes of acid treatment. Results showed that seed germination reached to 100% after priming seeds with GA3 concentrations for 12 hours. However, increase THE priming durations to 24 hours, significantly declined seed germination to 47% in 200 and 400 ppm of GA3 concentrations. THE Increase of GA3 concentrations in 12 hours led to a linear reduction of T50 from 31 hours in 200 ppm to 19 hours in 1000 ppm). In 24 hours of priming treatment, T50 followed a Gaussian function and THE highest T50 (92 hours) was obtained from 600 ppm. It is recommended to immerse THE seeds for 12 minutes in sulfuric acid and prime with 400 ppm GA3 acid for 12 hours to break dormancy and increase THE vigor index.

Purpose: THE present research aimed at finding an answer to THE question of THE process of influence of cyberspace on Iranian Poetry in THE future, and THE influence of cyberspace on various aspects of poetry such as content, its audience, THE poet, THE media that published THE poem, THE process of composing THE poem, THE rights of THE author, and Globalization of THE Iranian poetry. Method: THE Delphi technique was used to carry out this research. A group of experts comprising professors in THE fields of Communication and Literature was selected. THE expert’s opinions were collected and analyzed through an in-depth interview, a questionnaire based on THE Likert scale, and by THE execution of three stages of Delphi rounds. Findings: Accordingly, considering THE content, THE experts predicted that due to THE impact of cyberspace, THE quality of THE poetry will be reduced and consequently, THE language of poetry will become simpler and close to prose and it will only reflect THE daily events of life. Regarding THE audience, THEy concluded that THE audience’s selection power will be increased, however, we can differentiate between THE public and professional audience. With respect to THE sender, THEre will be no phenomenon of multi authors, and regarding THE channel, THE experts agreed upon Media Convergence besides, THE poets’ agency in publishing THEir own poems will be increased. Conclusion: Experts believe that THE spread of communication technologies will make censorship ineffective. This is THE only case in which THE group believes in THE impact of technology on THE future of poetry. THE group of experts did not reach a consensus regarding THE impact of technology on THE phenomena such as publication of author’s poems as one’s original work and THE Globalization of Iranian poetry, thus, analyzed THEse items in THE framework of THE human agency.

In some point of view, neiTHEr Michel Foucault nor Ibn Khaldun are considered philosophers in THE conventional classifications, but both are very  important in intellectual and, of course, in philosophical contexts, especially for those who are interested in THE deep study of human life from THE perspective of political thought.THE main concern of two thinkers, one in THE 14th century, THE oTHEr in THE 20th century, is THE issue  of power, although neiTHEr of THEm provided a precise definition of it. In this article, an attempt has been made to show THE place of power and domination in THE political thought of both thinkers by examining THE thoughts of two thinkers. And in search of an answer to this question, how did Asabiyyah and industry of religion in Ibn Khaldun's thought and social control through self-technology and discipline in Foucault's thought lead to THE expansion of THE domination of power? This article is written by analytically comparing THE opinions of two thinkers based on Ibn Khaldun's most important book called Muqaddimah and Foucault's late works